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Действительно ли "ps -u" плохой синтаксис?

75

ИМХО ps -uпоказывает очень полезный вывод, намного лучше чем ps -u $USER:

$ ps -u Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND elastic 234897 0.0 0.0 105980 1336 pts/2 S+ Oct10 0:00 /bin/bash ./run.sh collector-json-1.conf elastic 234899 48.7 7.1 10087120 4433104 pts/2 Sl+ Oct10 2804:11 /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_09_x64/bin/java -Xmx6144m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatin : 

по сравнению с

$ ps -u $USER PID TTY TIME CMD 234897 pts/2 00:00:00 run.sh 234899 pts/2 1-22:44:04 java : 
  1. Но почему это «плохой синтаксис»? /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQне очень помогает
  2. Какой будет «правильный синтаксис» для достижения того же результата?

В случае, если это важно:

$ uname -a Linux h22k34.local 2.6.32-042stab044.17 #1 SMP Fri Jan 13 12:53:58 MSK 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 
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sjngm спросил 11 лет назад
S 976

2 ответа

130
Принятый ответ

The correct syntax, which returns the same output, would be:

ps u 

There is a good reason why modern syntax for ps is a mess. Historically, there were two incompatible version of ps. Options with a leading dash were inherited from the AT&T Unix version of ps. Options without a leading dash were inherited from BSD. The version of ps that Linux distributions generally use is GNU which has merged both sets of options together, as well as added its own set of options that start with a leading double-dash.

Thus, ps u is BSD-style and ps -u $USER is AT&T-style. The fact that GNU ps allows you to run ps -u and, other than the warning, get the same output as ps u shows that GNU is attempting to make the best of a bad situation.

John1024 ответил 11 лет назад
J 12 563
84

The ps command historically had wildly different syntax in BSD and System V Unix.

  • In BSD ps, the u option (no dash) takes no parameter and shows the "user-oriented output" with the additional columns.

  • In SunOS ps, the -u option (with dash) takes a username as parameter and only includes processes owned by that user, but without changing the display format.

(As another very common example, BSD e means "show environment", while SunOS -e means "show everyone's processes".)

Linux procps ps tries to support both styles. So if you use the 'dash' option -u, it will expect it to be the SunOS "filter this user" option, not the extended columns option. The two are confused frequently enough, however, that procps tries to Do What You Meant – if the username is missing, it'll assume you gave it a BSD option but used SunOS syntax.

(There were in fact so many different variants of ps that the procps has an actual table of "personalities" to force ambiguous behavior to be interpreted as one style or another or yet another – in addition to knobs like "UNIX95", "CMD_ENV", "_XPG", "I_WANT_A_BROKEN_PS"...)

"I_WANT_A_BROKEN_PS" хах.

· 11 лет назад · 29

... Сначала я подумал, что это шутка. Но нееееет ...

Izkata · 11 лет назад · 42

Хм, как выясняется, это как раз та опция, которая скрывает «неоднозначное использование» предупреждений, которые видит OP.

grawity · 11 лет назад · 9
grawity ответил 11 лет назад
G 229 123