You're close, but you may want to try this instead:
msiexec.exe /qb- /l*vx %LogPath%\chrome.log REBOOT=ReallySuppress UILevel=67 ALLUSERS=2 /i GoogleChromeStandaloneEnterprise.msi
I use this exact syntax when I deploy msi files in MDT 2012, works every time.
- Reboot=ReallySuppress - Best way to make sure 110% that you're suppressing those reboots.
- UILevel=67 - Hides the install wizard, makes the install "automagical"
- AllUsers=2 - Makes sure the shortcuts icons get put in the user's profile correctly.
I suspect you're missing the logpath variable? by default, its in windows/temp I believe, but double check.