I suspect your company is redirecting outgoing port 22 TCP connections to a dummy SSH server. It'll probably log the IP making the connection so IT knows who tried to make the request.
As traffic passes through a gateway or firewall device, connections can be blocked or redirected.
You could try reconfiguring your server to run on a higher number port (e.g. 22222) as that may not be blocked, but it would probably be best to just ask your IT to allow SSH for you.