JEE artifacts such as JSP/ servlets / EJB run in a container. JEE defines strict guidelines on what a container is and how it is supposed to behave.
For example tomcat is a servlet container. servlet container or for that matter any container provides for respective artifacts to run.
Tomcat is only servlet container. it has the capability to run servlets.
Application server is more than just a container. Application server has EJB container, JMS service provider, data source provider, JNDI service provider and others. all these combined makes an application server.
Apache can not run JSP/ Servlets. Tomcat can. Apache + tomcat combination is used at several places as Apache is used for serving static content.