Option 1 would be to use System Restore if you have an appropriate restore point handy.
Option 2 would be to reinstall Visual C++ Express 2010 and them uninstall everything in reverse order, i.e. hotfixes/updates first and finally the app itself.
If Options 1 and 2 are not possible for some reason, I recommend you try this instead:
At an elevated command prompt, type:
dism /Online /Get-Packages > Packages.txt
Open Packages.txt and you'll see something similar to the following:
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7600.16385 Image Version: 6.1.7600.16385 Packages listing: Package Identity : Package_for_KB2705219~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.1.1 State : Superseded Release Type : Security Update Install Time : 15-08-2012 05:38 PM ... The operation completed successfully.
Based on the information about each package, try and identify the ones you want to remove. For example, the one above corresponds to this update. Similarly, try and locate the packages for the hotfixes listed in your screenshot, such as this one for example.
Now use a command similar to the following to remove the specified packages:
dism /Online /Remove-Package /PackageName:Package_for_KB2705219~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.1.1 /PackageName:<Package Identity 2> /PackageName:<Package Identity 3> ...
Hopefully it will work and not throw the same error about the main program no longer being installed. If it doesn't work, a final option might be to use some freeware/commercial uninstallation utility, but not sure which one would work and how well.
Edit: Some more things to try:
From an elevated command prompt:
wusa /uninstall /kb:<KB Number> (For example: wusa /uninstall /kb:983233)