The instrument to do that, in CentOS, is called kickstart. In this Web page you will find the instructions to use kickstart to do exactly what you wish, i.e. create an image of your current system to be installed in a VM. The Web page has a long blurb at the beginning, the part you are interested in begins with the heading Using LiveCD to Create a Custom CentOS .ISO. Notice that, later in that section, you will be offered two possibilities:
You can use one of the pre-configured Kickstart files in the /usr/share/livecd-config/ directory as a template, Or create your own. If you would prefer to create your kickstart file using a GUI interface, Download and run System-Config-Kickstart,....
This second option, downloading System-Config-Kickstart is what you are searching, i.e. a customized configuration copied from your system, rather than a pre-built profile.
This will give you an .iso image which you can use to install your system on a VM.