You can't:
And it's simply, IEEE 802.11 and variants work in Layer 2 and Layer 1 in the OSI Model.
To be able to discover another host using UDP datagrams, TCP packets, or even ICMP, you need third-layer connectivity.
Можно ли получить IP-адрес маршрутизатора из сигнала Wi-Fi без необходимости подключения, учитывая, что он транслирует Wi-Fi, но требует пароль WPA?
You can't:
And it's simply, IEEE 802.11 and variants work in Layer 2 and Layer 1 in the OSI Model.
To be able to discover another host using UDP datagrams, TCP packets, or even ICMP, you need third-layer connectivity.
I do not believe so. You can find it's MAC address but I don't believe you will get the IP address until you have successfully connected.