There is a known bug in the Linux Kernel 4.4-rc4 and later (It still persists today). You can read about this bug and a possible workaround on kernel.org.
It essentially breaks down to disable optional feature querying, which effectively hangs the card reader hardware:
The temporary workaround
- Unload the sdhc modules with
rmmod sdhci sdhci_pci sdhci_acpi
- Reload the modules with options to disable the optional features with
modprobe sdhci debug_quirks2="0x10000"
- Load the sdhci_pci module again with
modprobe sdhci_pci
Try again with your SD card. It may take some seconds to initialize though (because the queries still time out, but we ignore that now).
If this works for you, continue with the permanent workaround
The permanent workaround
Please note, that it still is a workaround and may fail in the future. You should disable the workaround on future kernel versions to see if the bug has been fixed.
- Create a modprobe config file in /etc/modprobe.d (or whereever your distribution stores the config files) and write the module options down there. The name does not matter, as long as it ends with .conf.
echo 'options sdhci debug_quirks2="0x10000"' > /etc/modprobe.d/dell_sdhci.conf
The options will be loaded when booting up in the future. If it does not, you may try to hack the temporary fix into a startup script, as a very dirty, but possible, solution.