I managed to turn on my computer on again. With my experience about this sort of things, I know that what fixed my problem was a whole bunch of set of actions rather than just the last one. For those reading my solution, I'm gonna try and describe everything I did since the problem presented itself.
- When starting normally, the computer will crash into the blue screen, collect data and restart
- During restart, Windows will try to fix, fail and show a screen that says "Restart" or "Advanced Options";
- I entered Advanced Options and got into the System Restore option, where I tried to restore to "Yesterday". The restoration then failed.
- I repeated the process and selected an older restore point (6 days ago), which was the only other restore point available beside the one that failed.
- The restoration was a success, but the error did not go away;
- Since I have Z: as a Windows Installer partition (like a DVD drive with the CD on it), I booted it, and got into the Troubleshoot -> Refresh option. It then told me that "The Windows Drive was locked".
- I restarted and booted Z: (the installation partition) and press Shift + F10
- Execute: bootrec /fixmbr; bootrec /fixboot; bootrec /rebuildbdc;
- At this point, CMD told me that NONE Windows Installtion had been found, so I did not had to confirm (Y or N) to the command's response.
- I turned on my computer and went into the Advanced Options -> Troubleshoot -> Advanced Mode -> Automatic Repair
It took a while (about 10 minutes), but the computer rebooted and everything was fine.