Yes, using the find command
find / -mtime 0
That will find all files with a modified date of 0 days, i.e. today.
If you have an idea of where the file may have been, or the name of it, then you can add extra parameters like so -
find /home/ -mtime 0 to look for files in /home
find / -mtime 0 -name filename to look for files with a name of filename