Indirectly, yes by messing with bios settings and monkeywrenching any other boot device options.
You can set the boot order in bios on my x220 I hit del to go to the bios, then select the startup menu
In "boot" you can disable devices by pressing ! (so you can change it later). Disable everything but your boot device. Disable the boot device list option and use boot order lock so no one can change it
Then switch to the security menu
There set a password so that no one else can alter your bios settings.
There may also be specific, bios level security options worth looking at there, but your mileage may vary
In theory this would make it hard to casually change your boot device, and pulling your hard drive and installing a new one wouldn't work either.