Either the version of Node.js, in whatever repo you're getting it from, is broken, or something went very badly wrong during installation, and yum failed to catch the error.
In either case, I'd recommend uninstalling the package, then cleaning out the yum cache with yum clean, and finally reinstalling to see whether the error persists; if it does, I'd uninstall the package again and then build Node.js from source, which you can find here. (It's not all that hard to build Node from source; I did so just the other day, on Cygwin, yet, and all it required was the usual configure && make && make install invocation.)