Does it only happen with that one file? are other files okay? If every other file you have open without issues than the file is corrupt and that is the issue.
If not, and this is happening with multiple files chances are it's Adobe Illustrator, looking at the error in event log it looks like AI is the issue, to test this follow the below steps.
1.) Go into Control Panel
2.) Go to Uninstall a program
3.) Click Uninstall/Change on illustrator
4.) Next the Uninstaller should pop up, it will give you the option to uninstall Illustrator or Repair it, Choose repair.
5.) Then try to open the file again.
6.) If that doesn't work, completely uninstall Illustrator and re-install it.
If either of those suggestions do now work then its the file itself causing issues, to test the file try using a separate workstation with illustrator installed, or open it in another Adobe product that will open it besides reader, Photoshop, Bridge etc...
Hopefully these suggestions narrow it down for you.