No the options would not work and I doubt that there is any solution except a PCI(-E) card.
Those front panel thing (what you called internal hub
) does not connect the FireWire port to a USB header, but a FireWire header, which would only exists if the board has a FireWire controller built in (and if that's the case, you'll likely have at least one FireWire port on the back panel and a front panel module comes with the board). For example, https://www.asus.com/Motherboards/P5AD2_Premium/specifications/
Neither will there be such thing as "FireWire to SATA" (at least not in the sense of what you need) since SATA is not a general-purpose connector anyway.
The external hub pretty obviously takes a FireWire and a USB input (the Port 0
s) RESPECTIVELY. And I doubt that there is such thing as "FireWire to USB" anyway, since the protocol is totally different and incompatible. I saw some people told that they can connected some of their FireWire devices to USB ports with an adapter, but I think that's only possible if the device itself explicitly support both protocols and is able to detect what's the type of the host and switch dynamically.
EDIT: I don't think your graphic card can block you from using the PCI-E x1 slot for a FireWire controller card? Since apparently the gap between them looks wide enough to accommodate thick card that occupies two slots? Or do you have one that occupies three slots:
Are there even such cards for mATX?