USB is limited in the length of wire it can drive. The maximum length is fixed by the standard at 16 feet (5 meters). So adding extension cables to get a cable more than 5 meters long will not work. What you can do is to use a repeater cable, which has a repeater at the end. You can get these in 10 foot lengths easily enough, and use a 10 foot repeater cable followed by, for instance, a 10 foot standard cable to connect to the camera.
A hub ought to work. That yours doesn't suggests that you are doing something wrong, such as using a cable assembly more than 5 meters long connected to a hub, and the total is only marginal in terms of functioning. Try connecting the hub to a 10 foot cable, then use another 10 foot cable to the camera.
USB3 is only suggested for cables of about 10 feet long, or so. All of the above applies to USB3, except that the worst-case cable lengths are 3 meters rather than 5, and any hub or repeater MUST be specified for USB3.
See here, for instance for a fuller discussion. Or Google on "USB cable length".