Я хочу знать, должен ли офисный компьютер выключаться каждую ночь или нет, чтобы улучшить его аппаратную жизнь. Я знаю, что некоторые компоненты, такие как магнитные диски, портятся при перезагрузке, но я не могу оценить, хуже ли это - ежедневное отключение или бесполезная работа в течение всего дня.
Спасибо
I remember reading about this in the Google Failure Trends in a Large Disk Drive Population whitepaper. Search for 'Power Cycles'.
Though it looks like this question was asked before, in various forms:
I would assume the same applies for all moving parts... you're probably better off looking at power savings though.
As pointed out in the comments, the question has been asked before in relation to servers, where there is a feeling that powering off a computer at night shortens longevity. But the answers in that question are unsupported and use car analogies, taking about engine wear. In fact, one of the comments on the top answer points out that Google's big investigation into hard drive life gave inconclusive evidence that power cycles had more effect than luck-of-the-draw.
So let's instead turn the question around slightly by asking "what can we do to increase a computer's physical lifespan?", which will ignore the software side of things (malware, degraded performance etc)
The argument goes that if your computer is caked in dust it will significantly reduce the efficiency of heat conduction. A search reveals plenty of places advising this (eg these guys, to pick a random example); but no studies or reports that I saw in the first few pages of results. I guess this is one of these things that are treated as self-evident: overheating is extremely detrimental to lifespan; dirt and dust leads eventually to overheating.
Power surges are not kind to components. Searching reveals common advice is to buy a surge protector; or for even better protection, a UPS (uninterruptible power supply).
If you have no or inadequate protection in place when a power surge occurs, it'll affect the power supply first, and if you're lucky, nothing else. If you're not, the surge can affect anything- motherboard, CPU, graphics card, hard drive, etc. There's an Anandtech forums discussion where someone explains in better detail:
The real severe internal damage comes when the input power causes the power supply to push too much electricity into internal parts [...] Some really delicate components -- mainly processors and memory -- are actually damaged by this, and get bricked. Simple parts can be killed too: You take a resistor and dump too much juice into it, it heats up and burns. You dump too much power into an electrolytic capacitor, and it can burst and spew electrolyte fluid all over the place.
There is a common argument too that poor quality power supplies can decrease the longevity of other components. Certainly a faulty power supply can cause problems - plenty of anecdotes, like pins melting to a motherboard - but even those advocating good quality supplies (another example I picked) tend to rely on citing experience, or are power supply manufacturers themselves.
I've seen the argument that switching on a computer induces a degree of power surge, but I can't find much to back this up.
In the time it's taken me to write this answer, I cannot find good evidence to suggest that turning a computer off once a day would significantly shorten its life. However, the evidence is not good enough to make a recommendation one way or another on the basis of longevity alone. You may want to consider other factors - such as energy savings - instead.
Is power cycling destructive? Yes. And then we include specification numbers. For example, the disk drive specifications state it can be power cycled 7 times every day for .... 39 years. So yes, power cycling is destructive. And the numbers say nobody cares.
Same applies to the fears of overheating. Once we include numbers, well, it will fail in 180 years instead of 230. Overheating at hundreds of degrees C is destructive. Overheating due to dust (tens of degrees) is fear mostly attributed to subjective reasoning.
BTW, what is the most common reason for dust problems? Moving too much air through a computer. A problem rarely seen in brand name machines and often seen in computers assembled by computer techs. The latter often do not learn what are best air flow numbers (ie cubic feet per minute); install too many fans.
Power it off when done. Even better is to hibernate it rather than sleep or shutdown.