Является ли лицензия на Windows 10 бессрочной или устареет в 2025 году?

Those dates refer to the LTSB version of Windows 10. LTSB stands for Long-Term Servicing Branch and here the same 10 years apply like in older Windows versions.

So the LTSB version of Build 10240 (original from 2015) will be supported till 2025, the LTSB from Build 14393 till 2026.

Those LTSB versions are designed for enterprise customers who don't need new features/changes from the Windows as a service:

Specialized systems—such as PCs that control medical equipment, point-of-sale systems, and ATMs—often require a longer servicing option because of their purpose. These devices typically perform a single important task and don’t need feature updates as frequently as other devices in the organization. It’s more important that these devices be kept as stable and secure as possible than up to date with user interface changes. The LTSB servicing model prevents Windows 10 Enterprise LTSB devices from receiving the usual feature updates and provides only quality updates to ensure that device security stays up to date.

For normal home users the support ends earlier. If you still use the home user version of Version1507/Build 10240 from 2015, the support ends in March 2017.

Only if you run the Enterprise LTSB Version you still have support for many years if you don't care about new features.

If you update/upgrade to each Feature Update like the Anniversary Update in August 2016 and the Creators Update in March/April 2017, you're always in a supported state and don't care about anything.

I have found that Ed Bott is usually one of the more reliable sources when it comes to Microsoft policies. He watches their support cycles rather closely and said the following:

If you're concerned about the ramifications of that OEM support clause, you can rest easy, based on what I've heard from insiders with knowledge of the new rules.

You can upgrade to Windows 10 today even on devices where the OEM does not officially support Windows 10 and has no plans to do so. If an OEM sells a device running Windows 10 today and stops delivering driver and firmware updates for it, the device will continue working and it won't stop receiving updates.

It's possible that some new features in a future version of Windows 10 won't work on older devices. In fact, that scenario is already true for the Windows Hello feature, which will only be available at launch on a handful of devices with Intel RealSense cameras. But in those cases the devices will still receive security fixes and other feature updates for which it's eligible.

One question Microsoft didn't answer today is what happens in two or three years. In the past, that would have been time for a new version of Windows to take its place on the support lifecycle chart and bump the old one down a notch. With Windows as a continually evolving platform, that option isn't available.

One clue about what happens next is in that updated support lifecycle page. All other client operating systems are listed by their major version number: Windows 7, Windows 8, and so on. The new entry reads, "Windows 10, released in July 2015."

My guess, based on that language, is that in the next two years or so we'll see an extension of the 10-year lifecycle based on a new baseline release date. But that's just speculation, and we'll have to wait for the actual answer.

The last paragraph seems to be the key. The official Windows Lifecycle Fact Sheet specifically emphasized the version when they labeled Windows 10, released in July 2015 as reaching the end of extended support in 2025. He went on to elaborate a bit more in an article he updated two months ago:

In the run-up to the release of Windows 10, many wondered whether Microsoft would take the opportunity to change its support lifecycle. The answer, as announced with the release of the new operating system in July 2015, is no. The traditional 10-year support lifecycle continues, with a five-year mainstream support phase that began on July 29, 2015, and a second five-year extended support phase that begins in 2020 and extends until October 2025.

A note to that policy qualifies the support commitment to devices where the OEM continues to support Windows 10 on that device.

Windows 10 feature updates (the new name for what used to be full-version upgrades) are delivered via Windows Update automatically. Microsoft released the first major update, version 1511, in November 2015; the second feature update, version 1607 (aka the Anniversary Update) was released last summer.

These updates are required for ongoing support. As a result, the only customers who are likely to care about the 10-year upgrade cycle are those running the Long Term Servicing Branch (LTSB) in enterprise deployments. The 2015 LTSB release shares the support dates shown here. For the 2016 LTSB release, the support dates are pushed out by a year, to October 12, 2021, and October 13, 2026, respectively.

Ultimately, his educated guess is that the end of support date listed as 2025 is for the RTM version of Windows 10. Eventually, they will probably update that support date matrix with an end of support date that extends past 2025 once the RTM version is no longer considered to be the official baseline.