Use Ultimate Boot CD to boot from, together with a SATA-2-USB adapter and perform one of the various preinstalled HDD diagnostic tools.
Burn the bootable LiveCD Ultimate Boot CD. This way it doesn't matter if you have any OS installed.
You need temporary access to a second PC to download & burn the 592 MB .ISOBuy any SATA-2-USB adapter (~$13 on amazon.com, don't spent more) and use it to connect SSD and laptop. This way you ensure that your laptops storage controller doesn't cause the error
Of course, as a first step, you could try it without that adapter. It seems your SSD is already installed as internal drive
Boot Ultimate Boot CD from your laptop's CD drive and run one of the many preinstalled HDD checks tools
Here is a list of all HDD diagnostic tools
Don't forget to test your memory and CPU too with memtest86 and CPUstress test which are both included into the LiveCD