Что вызывает эту картину повреждения сектора жесткого диска?

Из любопытства я запустил GNUddrescue на жестком диске Seagate ST1000LM024 HN-M101MBB с известными поврежденными секторами, а затем визуализировал ddrescueфайл карты с помощью ddrescueview .

Когда я увеличил масштаб, появилась эта интересная картина:

Зеленые промежутки (смежные хорошие сектора) часто имеют размер 2440 логических секторов (1249280 байт), а красные участки (поврежденные и, вероятно, физически поврежденные сектора) почти всегда имеют размер 1 физический сектор (4 логических сектора, 4096 байт).

Помня эту схему, я сделал расчет, чтобы оценить, сколько секторов будет на пути. Жесткий диск вращается 5400 rotations per minuteсо скоростью стабильного чтения в этой части диска примерно 109 mebibytes per second(я проверял это на диске той же модели без плохих секторов), одна дорожка обходит 360 degrees, и логический сектор есть 512 bytes.

((109MiB/s / 5400rpm * 360 degrees) / 512 bytes) = 2480

Оценка показывает, что на затронутой трассе имеется около 2480 логических секторов . Шаблон происходит каждые 2444 логических сектора .

Это говорит о том, что физическое повреждение выглядит как очень тонкая полоса, направленная внутрь, практически касающаяся круга диска. Тонкая полоска меньше подходит по дуге 0.001639°. Этот ущерб, каким бы он ни был, кажется микроскопической раной.

Есть и другие характеристики модели, которые я не могу понять.

• Плохие сектора существуют только в первых ¹ / ₆ привода, внешних края, без четкой картины, где появляются полосы узоров.
• Образцы, кажется, не одна длинная рана; они больше похожи на пунктирную / пунктирную линию («┋»):

Почему повреждение выглядит так? Что может создать такую ​​упорядоченную картину повреждений?

Ссылка

УМНЫЙ

# smartctl -a /dev/sdf smartctl 6.4 2014-10-07 r4002 [x86_64-linux-4.3.0-0.bpo.1-amd64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org  === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Momentus SpinPoint M8 (AF) Device Model: ST1000LM024 HN-M101MBB Serial Number: S314J90G121745 LU WWN Device Id: 5 0004cf 20f07d081 Firmware Version: 2BA30003 User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB] Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm Form Factor: 2.5 inches Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6 SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s) Local Time is: Sat Mar 19 10:02:27 2016 CDT SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled  === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED  General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity was never started. Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled. Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having the read element of the test failed. Total time to complete Offline data collection: (12480) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 208) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x003f) SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported.  SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 100 051 Pre-fail Always - 118722 2 Throughput_Performance 0x0026 252 252 000 Old_age Always - 0 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0023 092 092 025 Pre-fail Always - 2494 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 96 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 252 252 010 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 252 252 051 Old_age Always - 0 8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0024 252 252 015 Old_age Offline - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 4188 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 252 252 051 Old_age Always - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 21 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 102 13 Read_Soft_Error_Rate 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 655675 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 56 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 25 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 089 089 000 Old_age Always - 111986 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 058 050 000 Old_age Always - 42 (Min/Max 14/50) 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 252 252 000 Old_age Always - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 037 037 000 Old_age Always - 10437 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 252 252 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0036 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x002a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3688 240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 4186 241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 097 094 000 Old_age Always - 4770327 242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 096 094 000 Old_age Always - 5931956 254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 252 252 000 Old_age Always - 0  SMART Error Log Version: 1 Warning: ATA error count 13458 inconsistent with error log pointer 4  ATA Error Count: 13458 (device log contains only the most recent five errors) CR = Command Register [HEX] FR = Features Register [HEX] SC = Sector Count Register [HEX] SN = Sector Number Register [HEX] CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX] CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX] DH = Device/Head Register [HEX] DC = Device Command Register [HEX] ER = Error register [HEX] ST = Status register [HEX] Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes, SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.  Error 13458 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4188 hours (174 days + 12 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.  After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 08 28 ec cb e2 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x02cbec28 = 46918696  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 08 28 ec cb e2 08 00:02:49.684 READ DMA b0 d5 01 00 4f c2 00 08 00:02:49.684 SMART READ LOG ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.684 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature] 27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 00:02:49.684 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3] ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.684 IDENTIFY DEVICE  Error 13457 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4188 hours (174 days + 12 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.  After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 08 28 ec cb e2 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x02cbec28 = 46918696  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 08 28 ec cb e2 08 00:02:49.681 READ DMA b0 da 00 00 4f c2 00 08 00:02:49.681 SMART RETURN STATUS ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.681 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature] 27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 00:02:49.681 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3] ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.681 IDENTIFY DEVICE  Error 13456 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4188 hours (174 days + 12 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.  After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 08 28 ec cb e2 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x02cbec28 = 46918696  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 08 28 ec cb e2 08 00:02:49.677 READ DMA b0 d1 01 01 4f c2 00 08 00:02:49.677 SMART READ ATTRIBUTE THRESHOLDS [OBS-4] ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.677 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature] 27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 00:02:49.677 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3] ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.677 IDENTIFY DEVICE  Error 13455 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4188 hours (174 days + 12 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.  After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 08 28 ec cb e2 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x02cbec28 = 46918696  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 08 28 ec cb e2 08 00:02:49.674 READ DMA b0 d0 01 00 4f c2 00 08 00:02:49.674 SMART READ DATA ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.674 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature] 27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 00:02:49.674 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3] ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.674 IDENTIFY DEVICE  Error 13454 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4188 hours (174 days + 12 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.  After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 08 28 ec cb e2 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x02cbec28 = 46918696  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 08 28 ec cb e2 08 00:02:49.670 READ DMA ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 08 00:02:49.670 IDENTIFY DEVICE ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.670 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature] 27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 00:02:49.670 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3] ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 00:02:49.670 IDENTIFY DEVICE  SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 4101 933752 # 2 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 4101 933752 # 3 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 4101 1417744 # 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 3607 - # 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 3002 - # 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 2338 - # 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1044 - # 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 334 - # 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -  SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 0 Note: revision number not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS 1 0 0 Completed_read_failure [90% left] (0-65535) 2 0 0 Not_testing 3 0 0 Not_testing 4 0 0 Not_testing 5 0 0 Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0): After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay. 

ddrescue файле проекта

ddrescueview Галерея

Низкое разрешение

• Без увеличения
• Увеличить все повреждения
• Две полосы повреждения
• Те же две полосы повреждения, альтернативный уровень масштабирования
• Вторая группа повреждений
• Показаны отдельные сектора

Высокое разрешение

• Без увеличения
• Увеличить все повреждения
• Две полосы повреждения
• Нижняя полоса урона
• Нижняя полоса урона, альтернативный уровень масштабирования
• Нижняя полоса урона, еще один уровень увеличения
• Нижняя полоса урона, больше зум
• Нижняя полоса урона, еще больший зум
• Нижняя полоса урона, еще один уровень масштабирования